基于海绵城市理念的城市规划方法探讨

通过分析我国城市规划设计中存在的主要问题,及其与城市排水防涝、雨水径流污染、水资源短缺等突出城市水环境问题的内在联系。从城市用地控制、各层级规划衔接等角度出发,提出了从城市建设源头解决城市水环境问题的规划思路,进而将海绵城市建设内容纳入到城市规划的各个阶段。以济南市海绵城市建设试点城市申报实施方案为例,详细阐述了基于海绵城市理念下的城市总体规划、各专项规划、详细规划之间如何实现有效衔接,以期为我国海绵城市的建设提供可借鉴的规划设计方法。     

底抽巷开挖应力分布与变形破坏特征数值分析

底抽巷抽采瓦斯是解决高瓦斯煤层巷道掘进瓦斯突出问题的重要保障。结合贵州大方煤业小屯煤矿16中03工作面具体工程条件,对小屯矿底抽巷的开挖应力分布与变形破坏特征进行数值分析。结果表明:该底抽巷对其上运输煤巷的影响较小,底抽巷的位置设计参数合理。     

基于切削声信号与优化SVM的刀具磨损状态监测

提出了一种利用切削声实现刀具磨损状态多特征监测的方法。根据经验模态分解与Hilbert变换理论,提取切削声信号的内禀模态能量与不同频段的Hilbert谱能量作为监测信号的备选特征。采用支持向量机作为分类器,针对备选特征的有效筛选问题,利用多种群遗传算法对分类器的输入特征进行了优化,剔除备选特征中的干扰特征,利用多种群遗传算法对分类器的模型参数进行了优化。利用优化后的分类器对测试样本进行分类,并与优化前的分类结果进行了对比。结果表明,优化后分类器的分类性能得到了明显提升,该方法可以对刀具磨损状态进行有效识别。     

摩擦力对滚珠丝杠惯容器频响特性的影响

为建立更精确的惯容器模型和完善惯容器设计理论与方法,设计丝杠旋转式滚珠丝杠惯容器,搭建惯容器试验台架,研究非线性因素对惯容器的影响。采用系统识别的方法,将时域响应试验数据转化为频域响应数据,得到惯容器的频响特性曲线,以惯容器Malcolm线性模型为试验研究的比较对象,分析无背隙情况下摩擦力对滚珠丝杠惯容器频响特性的影响。结果表明:低频下,滚珠丝杠惯容器摩擦力占据主导地位,导致惯容器相位跌落、幅值增大;随着频率和惯容系数的增大,摩擦力对惯容器的影响相对减小,惯容器实际性能与理论性能逐步接近。     

尾部扩散器对某跑车气动性能的影响

以某跑车模型为研究对象,探讨尾部小型扩散器对于车身气动性能的影响。在初始模型的基础上,进行CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值模拟计算,并对比风洞试验数据,验证仿真的可靠性。对初始模型的扩散器进行改进设计,加大扩散器的工作区域,研究其对于气动力的影响,并将改进后的扩散器与带有仿生凹坑型非光滑扰流器结合起来,通过数值模拟方法,得出压力和速度等流场参数,比较不同形式的扩散器对于气动性能的改进效果,分析气动力改善的原因。结果表明:通过对扩散器与非光滑扰流器的优化组合,能有效地提高气动负升力,减小气动阻力,达到了调谐车辆气动升力与气动阻力之间的耦合关系的目的。     

复合热稳定剂对绝缘纸协同抗老化效应的分子模拟研究

为了从微观层面探究热稳定剂的复合添加对绝缘纸协同抗热老化特性的影响机理,以双氰胺、三聚氰胺为热稳定剂研究对象,对老化过程中的热稳定剂、β-D-吡喃葡萄糖分子、水分子和小分子酸等进行了量子化学计算,利用前线轨道理论考察了不同分子之间的化学反应活性。此外,采用分子动力学模拟软件,搭建了末添加、单一添加和复合添加热稳定剂的四种纤维素含水含酸模型,从纤维素与水分子、蚁酸分子的氢键结合数、相互作用能这两个方面考察了不同改性体系的差异及抗老化性能差异的机理。结果表明:热稳定剂分子与水分子、小分子酸的化学反应活性要强于β-D-吡喃葡萄糖分子与这些物质的反应活性;两种热稳定剂分子分别与水分子、小分子酸的反应活性存在差异,复合添加可以集中二者的优势,起到协同延缓绝缘纸老化的效果;双氰胺与三聚氰胺的复合添加在降低纤维素分子对水分子、蚁酸分子的吸附能力上存在协同作用。     

Temperature‐Dependent Scaling Behavior of Dynamic Hysteresis in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Ceramics

The dynamic hysteresis scaling behaviors of Nb‐doped Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ ceramics have been investigated as a function of electric field amplitude (E₀) and frequency (f) at different temperatures (T). The loop area <A> of saturated loops is found to follow various power laws as <A> ∝ E₀^0.3065 at fixed f and <A> ∝ f ^0.0120 at fixed E₀. Furthermore, the linear scaling relation <A> = k₃ f^αE₀^β + b₃ is estimated under various temperatures. The exponents α (=0.01) and β (=0.10) are T‐independent, whereas the slopes k₃ and y‐intercepts b₃ are T‐dependent because the increasing temperature in the same phase range only decreases the threshold field of the reversal rather than change the dynamic reversal process.     

光固化防尘自清洁涂料的制备及其性能研究

利用实验室自制的3种可光固化季铵盐(Photo-QAS)制备具有亲水性的光固化自清洁涂料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察暴露于空气中的涂膜,可以发现该系列涂料均具有很好的防尘效果;通过对不同污渍在涂层表面的附着及清洗研究,发现该系列涂料具有良好的自清洁效果,并且便于清洗;通过细胞培养实验,证实细胞不易在该系列涂层表面生长贴附,具有一定抗生物垢的能力。用X光电子能谱仪(XPS)表征了涂层的表面元素组成,探究了其防污原理。     

Deep Sequencing Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Muscle of Fast-Growing and Slow-Growing Broilers

Growth performance is an important economic trait in chicken. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in various biological processes, but their functions in chicken growth are not yet clear. To investigate the function of miRNAs in chicken growth, breast muscle tissues of the two-tail samples (highest and lowest body weight) from Recessive White Rock (WRR) and Xinghua Chickens (XH) were performed on high throughput small RNA deep sequencing. In this study, a total of 921 miRNAs were identified, including 733 known mature miRNAs and 188 novel miRNAs. There were 200, 279, 257 and 297 differentially expressed miRNAs in the comparisons of WRRh vs. WRRl, WRRh vs. XHh, WRRl vs. XHl, and XHh vs. XHl group, respectively. A total of 22 highly differentially expressed miRNAs (fold change > 2 or < 0.5; p-value < 0.05; q-value < 0.01), which also have abundant expression (read counts > 1000) were found in our comparisons. As far as two analyses (WRRh vs. WRRl, and XHh vs. XHl) are concerned, we found 80 common differentially expressed miRNAs, while 110 miRNAs were found in WRRh vs. XHh and WRRl vs. XHl. Furthermore, 26 common miRNAs were identified among all four comparisons. Four differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-223, miR-16, miR-205a and miR-222b-5p) were validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Regulatory networks of interactions among miRNAs and their targets were constructed using integrative miRNA target-prediction and network-analysis. Growth hormone receptor (GHR) was confirmed as a target of miR-146b-3p by dual-luciferase assay and qPCR, indicating that miR-34c, miR-223, miR-146b-3p, miR-21 and miR-205a are key growth-related target genes in the network. These miRNAs are proposed as candidate miRNAs for future studies concerning miRNA-target function on regulation of chicken growth.